Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. They began to revolt against the Spanish. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. J. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. Those who refused this were sent to prison. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. . The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Boston House, They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). Boston Spa, As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Foreign Affairs. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. Boston Spa, In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. VAT reg no 816865400. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Company Reg no: 04489574. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! LS23 6AD The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. 2. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. This meant atholics did not think . There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. to answer the Section Focus Question: Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Roman Catholics . After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Best Answer. Henry himself gave people cause . Why religious compromise was so difficult. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view.