[6][7] Facts that strengthen this hypothesis include: a military-topographical map of the Caucasus published in 1903 by Russian administrators, which refers to the town as "Romana"; various Roman artifacts found in Absheron region; and records that old(er) inhabitants referred to their town as Romani. Valerian moved against Shapur, but was defeated and captured. Other legions in the eastern region were III Gallica, VI Ferrata, and X Fretensis. At the end of the war, XII Fulminata and Our puzzles are made from premium paper stock and include a semi-gloss coating on the top surface to make the image pop. Sassanid Empire was a major threat to the Roman power in the East. 1. . In 75 AD, XII Fulminata was in Caucasus, where Emperor Vespasian had sent the legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania. XII Fulminata refused to cooperate and remained loyal to the lawful ruler. After the fall of Rome, the Twelfth was given secret orders by Jupiter himself to, in Hazel's words, "stay alive, recruit demigods and their children, keep Rome going." This was not a very honorable position, and may have been a punishment for its behavior during the civil war. Artaxata. The equivalent of an entire legion was destroyed, with 6,000 troops killed, many wounded, and the rest fleeing in disarray. Christian Soldiers in the Ancient Roman Army, Destruction of Jerusalem, c. 586 BCEyewitness Account, Assassination of Julius CaesarAncient Accounts, Claudia ActeNeros Mistress, Secret Christian, Emperor Tiberius & The Resurrection Of Jesus, Plinys Letter To Trajan About Christians, Ancient TechnologyThe Antikythera Mechanism, The Lycurgus CupNanotechnology in Ancient Rome, Monte TestaccioAncient Romes Garbage Dump, Metal Detector FindRoman Coins & Lost Emperor of Britain, Stirring of Water in the Pool of Bethesda. After Caesar's victory, the men were pensioned off and received land in the neighborhood of Parma (45). Iran and Thank you for your help! Obviously I don't believe the story that the author told about the lightning gun thing but then whats the real reason they were called so? The Ipuwer PapyrusWere The 10 Biblical Plagues Real? Some historians argue that the settlement of Ramana near Baku was possibly founded by the Roman troops of Lucius Julius Maximus from Legio XII Fulminata in circa 84-96 AD and derives its name from the Latin Romana. In 244, the Romans again invaded Iraq, but their emperor Gordian III died and was succeeded by Philippus Arabs, who owed his throne to the Sasanians king Shapur I. Melitene was one of the regions where Christianity became popular at an early stage. Battle between Judean rebels and the Syrian Legion of the Roman Empire, This article is about the battle between Judean rebels and the Syrian Legion of the Roman Empire. revolt had destroyed the Roman garrison in Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire. It was then recovered by Percy Jackson. The defeat of the Roman Army had major implications in prolonging the rebellion, leading to the short-lived Judean self-governorship in Judea and Galilee. The Twelfth, which probably took part to these campaigns, is recorded guarding the frontier of the Euphrates in Melitene, at the beginning of the 5th century (Notitia Dignitatum). Arrian, who defeated the invaders with the aid of XII Fulminata and The Twelfth probably fought in the Parthian campaign of Emperor Lucius Verus, in 162166, if a mixed unit of XII and XV controlled for some time the newly conquered Armenian capital Artaxata. The province of Cappadocia was located in east-central Anatolia and was vital for its proximity to both the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains. Introducing 'Rome' Collection by Serge Averbukh, showcasing new media paintings of various artifacts and symbols of ancient Rome. The Bearers of Lightning. Augustus was emperor at the time. Armenia during Jan 12, 2013 - The Twelfth Legion Fulminata or Legio XII Fulminata is the last remnant of the once powerful Roman military, and currently is stationed in San Francisco, California, maintaining a base near the city of New Rome. Imp(erator) In Rick Riordan's book The Son of Neptune, the Twelfth Legion went to America after the fall of Rome, following the Roman gods, and set up Camp Jupiter in California as a base for Roman demigods. However, after a defeat where the legion lost its aquila, Gaius Cestius Gallus, legate of Syria, ordered the survivors to return to Syria. Legio XII was one of two that he created in Italy to assist in his war against the Helvetii. Therefore, the name of the legion can be found in martyrologies, such as that of Polyeuctes, who was martyred in 259 during the persecution by the emperor Valerian. The legion's emblem was a thunderbolt (fulmen). On his way back, he was defeated by one of the leaders of the Jewish Zealots, Eleazar son of Simon. Caiaphas. At the end of the war, XII Fulminata and XVI Flavia Firma were sent to guard the Euphrates border, camping at Melitene.[3]. Marcus Aurelius commanded the XII Fulminata in his The unit was still guarding the The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (in modern-day Turkey) were soldiers in the Roman 12th Legion called "Fulminata," "The Lightning or Thundering Legion." Some believe the Legion was given that name by Marcus Aurelius after he experienced "the miraculous rain" event in c. 169. In Mikhail Bulgakov's book The Master and Margarita, Pontius Pilate mentions the Legion during his meeting with Caiaphas. Quadi, a people inhabiting an area in modern-day The Roman defeats of Gordian and Valerian, and the installation of Philip, are commemorated on several Sasanian monuments. Vespasian had sent the legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania. The legion now guarded the Euphrates border, together with XVI Flavia Firma. battle of Rhandeia; after surrendering, the legions were shamed and removed from this theater of war. The name 'Apollinaris' suggests it derives from Octavian's favorite god, Apollo. VI Ferrata defeated the Soon after his return, Gallus died (before the spring of 67 CE), and was succeeded in the governorship by Mucianus. The defeat caused the partial collapse of the Empire, with the secessionistic In 175 CE, the legion participated in Emperor Marcus Aurelius' (r. 161-180 CE) Danubian Wars and remained loyal to the emperor during the Avidius Cassius' revolt. VesuviusAugust 24, 79 AD. The Battle of Beth Horon was a military engagement fought in 66 CE between the Roman army and Jewish rebels in the early phase of the First JewishRoman War. During the event, the Syrian Legion Legio XII Fulminata with auxiliary support headed by Legate of Syria Cestius Gallus was ambushed by a large force of Judean rebel infantry at the passage of Beth Horon, on their retreat from Jerusalem towards the coastal plane. Emperor The legion remained at Melitene through the 4th century CE. Nero ordered J.-C. - 284 ap. [6] Forty naked, pale, shivering, stoic young men crowded together are painted on a wooden icon from the 4th century in the Musee des Beaux Arts in Paris. Mikhail Bulgakov's book The governor of Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, used three of the Syrian legions to suppress the rebellions of the Jewish messianic claimants Judas, Simon, and Athronges after the death of king Herod in 4 BCE. World History Encyclopedia. [4] Emperor Jovian (r. 363-364 CE) agreed to the demands of the Persians and pulled out of Mesopotamia in 363 CE. During the imperial period, the legion was stationed in Pannonia, participating in Rome's offensive during the Pannonian Revolt of 6-9 CE. There is alsoTemple Hillcovered with temples to the Roman gods including Jupiter, Mars Ultor, Bellona, and Pluto. He also mentions these units in his account of the battle against the Nervians, which took place in the late summer of 57. Until the fifth cohort went on a mission and never came back. Choose from multiple sizes and hundreds of frame and mat options. However, when disaster seemed inevitable, a heavy shower relieved the Romans. Using these Syrian legions, the Roman commander Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo launched a very successful campaign in the vassal kingdom Armenia. All content copyright 19952023 Livius.org. In 66, after a The governor of Cappadocia, Arrian of Nicomedia, took XV Apollinaris and XII Fulminata into the field and defeated the invaders before they could become dangerous; he described this campaign in his Ektaxis. Parthians, restoring The Sasanians had invaded the Roman empire in 230 and had installed an emperor in Emessa, but Severus Alexander was able to restore order and invade Mesopotamia. [5] Emperor Nero and the senate then appointed Vespasian, the future Emperor, to bring the Roman army to Judea and crush the rebellion with a force of four Legions. In [7] Facts that strengthen this hypothesis include: a military-topographical map of the In 66 CE, long-standing Greek and Jewish religious tensions worsened after Jewish worshippers witnessed Greek civilians sacrificing birds in front of a local synagogue in Caesarea Maritima[1] and complained to the authorities. Legate of thunderbolt (on a shield He threatens using the Legion in bloody pacification of possible future Jewish rebellion, along with auxiliary Arab cavalry. Including troops furnished by allies, some 36,000 troops were assembled. Even if there was a myth in those times about the lightning thing then all the legions would be called that, but only the 12th is called as such. In that year, general Avidius Cassius revolted against Marcus Aurelius. The Twelfth, which probably took part to these campaigns, is recorded guarding the frontier of the Euphrates in Melitene, at the beginning of the 5th century (Notitia Dignitatum). Trapezus (258). Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Its name means "victorious". Emperor Cappadocia, (Annals 15.10). The ancient territory of Mesopotamia lies between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the old Fertile Crescent. The unit was still guarding the Euphrates crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the fifth century. Dando-Collins writes that the legion surrendered to Octavian at Actium. The Sassanid Empire was a major threat to the Roman power in the East. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Books It is known that the XII Fulminata was under the command of Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena.After these episodes, the records of the Fulminata are scarce. All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. Emperor Nero ordered Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, the new Legate of Cappadocia, to manage the matter. More posts you may like r/history Like every legion had an aquila standard right? [9] There was a belief that this had led to the emperor issuing a decree forbidding the persecution of the Christians, but this seems to have been based on a forgery. Mesopotamia had two permanent legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, Cappadocia was the home base of XII Fulminata and XV Apollinaris, while III Cyrenaica was stationed in Arabia. By the reign of Emperor Claudius (r. 41-54 CE), the 12th was based in Syria. After the death of Emperor Pertinax, 193, XII Fulminata supported the governor of Syria, Pescennius Niger, who was in the end defeated by Emperor Septimius Severus. World History Encyclopedia. Tigranes VI to the Armenian throne. Valerian Defeated by Shapur IPierre Mertens (CC BY-NC-ND). Riordan Wiki is a FANDOM Books Community. Valerian who was a soldier of the Twelfth. The Christian writer, Church History of Eusebius, Book V, chap V, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC. In 75 AD, the XII Fulminata was in the Funerary Monument of M. Annius LucusAncientDigitalMaps (CC BY-NC). At the end of the war, XII Fulminata and XVI Flavia Firma were sent to guard the Euphrates border, camping at Melitene. Identifier. In 20 BCE, Augustus ' stepson (and later successor) employed these units to impress the Parthians. Zealot Could Ancient Sparta Defeat Ancient Rome? He summoned the 12th legion and then was discovered the numerical feebleness of the source from which he had hoped for the repute of an augmented army. During the event, the Syrian Legion Legio XII Fulminata with auxiliary support headed by Legate of Syria Cestius Gallus was ambushed by a large force of Judean rebel infantry at the passage of Beth Horon, on their retreat from Jerusalem towards the coastal plane. Imperial Roman army. . Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire. Legio XII Fulminata: one of the Roman legions. Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, the new In 37 BC Rome installed Herod the Great as a client king of Judea, helping him oust the Parthian-backed leader Antigonus II Mattathias. Perhaps, the legion was created by the by the emperors of the Gallic Empire (260-274). Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! As they neared the pass of Beth Horon, they were ambushed and came under attack from massed missile fire and arrows. During the reign of Lucius Septimius Severus, the eastern border was moved from the Euphrates to the Tigris. Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Imperial Roman Legion, Legions of Mesopotamia, Cappadocia, & Arabia, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Choose from multiple sizes and hundreds of frame and mat options. The legion's eagle had been found by the Twelfth Legion and subsequently lost again in Alaska during the 1980s. In 62 AD, the XII Fulminata joined the IV Scythica, now commanded by the new Legate of Cappadocia, Syria, Legio XII Fulminata , also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. There are also shrines to the gods Neptune and Janus, though Neptune isn't respected in the Roman culture and is considered bad luck. Although stationed outside Rome for most of its existence, a third legion, Legio II Parthica, was also created and participated in the East. Jerusalem, the XII Fulminata, with There is some evidence it was with Gallienus and his campaign against the Alemanni in 258 CE. The 3rd was with Corbulo in 63 CE, and during the First Jewish War, it was involved in the siege of Jerusalem under the command of Titus. Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. Choose from multiple print sizes and hundreds of frame and mat options. 04 Mar 2023. The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (in modern-day Turkey) were soldiers in the Roman 12th Legion called Fulminata, The Lightning or Thundering Legion. Some believe the Legion was given that name by Marcus Aurelius after he experienced the miraculous rain event in c. 169. the Battle of Mursa in 351. In 62, IV Scythica and XII Fulminata, commanded by the new legate of Cappadocia, Lucius Caesennius Paetus, were defeated by the Parthians and Armenians at the battle of Rhandeia and forced to surrender. Also being noted for action in Lucius Verus' war against Parthia in 162 A.D., the Twelfth Legion later occupied the frontier of the Euphrates River until the start of the 5th Century. He used the twelfth legion in the fight against Helvetii in the Gallican Wars, as well as the invasion of Italy and the Battle of Pharsalus. In 134, the threat of the Alans was subdued by the governor of Cappadocia, Arrian, who defeated the invaders with the aid of XII Fulminata and XV Apollinaris. [8] At this time, most of the Twelfth was composed chiefly of Christians. The legion's emblem was a It is odd that the name XII Victrix had already been used, three centuries earlier, by the legion that is better known as XII Fulminata. Home Articles Legions Legio XII Fulminata, About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. They had been blessed by Jupiter himself, given the eagle standard as a sign of his respect. 12, October 12-13, 2011) Awards renamed in the 2013 Edition of the Trophies, Awards and Ceremonials Manual . In 14 CE, the 15th, along with L.egio VIII Augusta and Legio IX Hispana staged a revolt, later to be suppressed by Tiberius' son Drusus (14 BCE to 23 CE). When the Eastern frontier of the Empire was moved from the Euphrates to the During the latest part of [1] In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion. After these episodes, the records of the Fulminata are scarce. Rick Riordan's book [6], Media related to Battle of Beth Horon (66) at Wikimedia Commons, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}315309N 350651E / 31.8858N 35.1142E / 31.8858; 35.1142. Ramana near These markings constitute the most easterly evidence of Roman soldiers' movements. The Testimonium Flavianum Question (My Two Cents), The Bible is Accurate Manuscript Evidence, Sayings From the Bible in the 21st Century, Colors & Dyes For Clothing in Ancient Rome, Thanksgiving: First Foods, First Friends1620, Ancient Ossuaries Uncover Biblical Truths. Shows were legion was stationed. Aurelian; Emperor Parthian Empire. However, under the emperor Odaenathus of Palmyra (261-267), who organized an empire of his own, the Romans restored their fortunes. Most of the legion's soldiers are either demigods, or descended from demigods, and most of New Rome's civillian population consists of ex-legionnaires and their children. Armenia, a client kingdom of Rome. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1988/legions-of-mesopotamia-cappadocia--arabia/. The defeat caused the partial collapse of the Empire, with the secessionistic Gallic Empire in the West and Palmyrene Empire in the East. The legion was given many nicknames throughout its years of service, the most notable beingFulminata, or "bearing lightning", named so as the power of the legion's eagle standard came from Jupiter himself. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Battle against the Nervians, and probably also in the Siege of Alesia. The Twelfth fought at the Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. Corbulo ordered Legion Bibliography Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in Ancient Rome, The Exotic Animal Business in Ancient Rome. Satala (256), and sacked World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. 110 S Mount Olive St. Siloam . Emperor Marcus Aurelius commanded the XII Fulminata in his campaign against the Quadi, a people inhabiting an area now known as Slovakia in modern day Slovak Republic, and an episode of a miraculous rain saving a Twelfth subunit from defeat is reported by the sources. Gaius Cestius Gallus, legate of In the final phase of the war between the Jews and Romans, XII Fulminata regained its reputation for fighting bravely. Although its exact origins are in question, the legion XII Fulminata (emblem: thunderbolt; birth sign: Capricorn) may have been formed by Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) for his campaign against the Helvetii in his Gallic Wars. 3. When the Roman emperor Valerian tried to restore order and invaded Mesopotamia, he was defeated and captured. This major Roman defeat encouraged many more volunteers and towns in Judea to throw their lot in with the rebellion. This page was created in 2003; last modified on 21 April 2020. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Art Print by Serge Averbukh. Marys Perpetual Virginity & Jesus Brothers, Why Pollen on the Shroud of Turin Proves it is Real, Christian Inscriptions in Roman Catacombs, Eruption Of Mt. Indeed in Azerbaijan, an inscription has been found which reads: IMP DOMITIANO CAESARE AVG GERMANICO LVCIVS IVLIVS MAXIMVS LEG XII FVL, Under imperator Domitian, Caesar, Augustus Germanicus, Lucius Julius Maximus, Legio XII Fulminata.[1]. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Website (862) 824-5225. Listed on 14 Dec, 2022 Two legions were specifically created by Severus for its defense: Legio I Parthica and Legio III Parthica. Legio III Parthica (emblem: centaur; birth sign: Capricorn) was stationed at Rhesaina along the Khabur River. Mark Anthony. Emperor During a hot summer (in 172 or 174), the legion had become surrounded by enemies on a place where no water was to be found. Fearing the worst, the pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to the Galilee. Legions of Mesopotamia, Cappadocia, & Arabia. , , 1992; page 31. Find 18 listings related to American Legion in Fayetteville on YP.com. 4. Ideally, such a show of force would have allowed the Romans to regain the initiative and prevent the rebellion from developing and growing stronger. ( Legio fulminata, or fulminea, not fulminatrix ). The legion was probably in The Sassanid Empire was a major threat to the Roman power in the East. All available troops were mustered, formed into a column and sent to confront its perceived centre. XVI Flavia Firma were sent to guard the It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. [4] Gallus conquered Bezetha, in the Jezreel Valley, soon to be the seat of the Great Sanhedrin (Jewish supreme religious court), but was unable to take the Temple Mount; he now decided to withdraw and wait for reinforcements. Worse was to come. Wasson, Donald L.. "Legions of Mesopotamia, Cappadocia, & Arabia." Document, 8.5" x 11" Geographical Area. During the latest part of Augustus' principality, XII Fulminata served in Syria, camping at Raphana. : . Caucasus, where Emperor The legion was probably in Armenia during Trajan's campaign of 114 AD, that ended with the annexation of the Kingdom of Armenia. The fiction book Rome: The Eagle of the Twelfth by M.C. Roman Empire during existence of the Twelfth Legion. The Twelfth Legion Fulminata or Legio XII Fulminata is the last remnant of the once powerful Roman military, and currently is stationed in San Francisco, California, maintaining a basenear the city of New Rome. It is certain that the twelfth legion returned to Italy, because at Perugia, sling stones have been found with the inscription XII Victrix. [1] In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion. Cappadocia, to manage the matter. After the battle, the Jewish rebels went through the Roman dead stripping them of their armor, helmets, equipment, and weapons. legion of the Although he had successfully annexed both, another Jewish uprising, declining troop morale, and illness forced him to withdraw. After the murder of the emperor Publius Helvius Pertinax in 193, civil war broke out. Last modified April 19, 2022. Tacitus wrote of the mutiny: Their only relief from misery was to quit an ill-omened and polluted camp and to betake themselves again every one to his winter-quarters. Valerian had attempted to negotiate a peace settlement; however, he was captured and led away, later to be skinned and tanned. During Caesar's war against his fellow-triumvir and rival Pompey the Great, which broke out in January 49, the Twelfth participated in the invasion of Italy, and a year later, it was with Caesar during the battle of Pharsalus (9 August 48). Tigris, the Twelfth stayed in the reserve, possibly as a punishment for its support of Severus' rival. Legion in recognition of outstanding activities or contributions within the area of interest of the recommending National Commission or Committee; and, be it further . The Twelfth (supported by subunits from IIII Scythica and VI Ferrata) came, saw, and returned, when its commander saw that his force was not strong enough. After Caesar won the civil war, the legion was named Victrix, and enlisted in 43 BC by This unit must have been present at the other famous campaigns as well, such as the sieges of Bourges, the battle for Lutetia, and the siege of Alesia. They were nicknamed Fulminata by Julius Caesar himself. Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century. Jonah was in the belly of the whale 4 days. The Imperial. He threatens using the Legion in bloody pacification of possible future Jewish rebellion, along with auxiliary Arab cavalry. was under the command of Lucius Pinarius Scarpus, an ally of Mark Antony. After the capture of Jerusalem in 70 (more), it was transferred to the newly annexed kingdom Melitene, which was part of the province Cappadocia. Flavianus Arrianus (Arrian), governor of Cappadocia, repelled the invasion of Lower Armenia with the 15th and XII Fulminata. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. It is known that the XII Fulminata was under the command of Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. A century later, in 360 CE, King Shapur II (r. 309-379 CE) laid siege to Singara, the base of I Parthica. In Caesar's book D Bell Gallic("On the Gallic War") he writes:e mntin quam fcerat T. Labinum lgtum praefcit; ipse in Italiam magns itineribus contendit dusque ibi legins cnscrbit et trs[] ex hbernsdxit, roughly translated as "[Caesar] put Titus Labienus in charge of the defenses that he had made; he himself hurried on agreat journey to Italy, and there he created two legions and led three out of their winter-camps". Humiliation was added to the disgrace: the legion lost its eagle standard. American Legion. Judea came under Roman influence in 63 BCE, when Roman general Pompey arrived in the Levant as part of the Roman campaign against Mithridates VI of Pontus. This seems to have happened in 172. Octavian's 15th legion was possibly reconstituted from Caesar's old legion. Privacy Policy. In the morning the judge ordered both those that were dead with the cold, and those that were still alive, to be laid on carriages and cast into a fire.Their bodies were burned and their ashes thrown into the river; but the Christians secretly carried off or purchased part of them with money., The deaths of The Forty Martyrs have attracted veneration andartistic representation from the time of their martyrdoms until the present day. After Caesar won the civil war, the legion was named Victrix, and enlisted in 43 BC by Lepidus and Mark Anthony. Surrounded and without water, the legion faced certain destruction. . "The Imperial Roman Legions - XII." An inscription presumably from this period has been found in modern-day Azerbaijan which reads: IMP DOMITIANO CAESARE AVG GERMANIC, LVCIVS IVLIVS MAXIMVS CENTVRIO LEG XII FVL How Did Jesus Spend the Last Week of His Life? The judge ordered the saints to be exposedquite naked on the ice; and in order to tempt them the more powerfully to renounce their faith, a warm bath was prepared at a small distance from the frozen pond for any of this company to go to who were disposed to purchase their temporal ease and safety on that condition. Watchthe video below. The legion was involved in the annexation of Arabia where it is believed many of its legionaries were recruited only to be returned to Egypt temporarily. However, Simon bar Giora was evicted from Jerusalem due to fears by rebel government leaders of his dominance. The region around Melitene was one of the first in which Christian faith spread. After having served as one of the legions of the Parthian Wars in Trajan's campaign of 113 -114 CE, by 140 CE, it was based permanently at Bostra. The Forty Martyrs, like the martyrs on the walls of the catacombs in Rome and the sculptures and paintings of martyrs for the last 2,000 years, represent all Christian martyrs, past and present, whose willing martyrdoms and faithful renderings unto God the things that are Gods inspire the creative spirit.Sandra Sweeny Silver.