Current archaeological evidence points to the Frisian coast, Western Jutland, as the possible birthplace of this type of vessel.
It could pass around dangerous terrain and still carry a big load. Moreover, the early cogs were not large and had open hulls with very less continuous sailing capability. The new strake is held in position on the preceding one before the fastening is done. This resulted in major modifications to old ship structures, which can be observed by analyzing evolution of the earliest cog finds of Kollerup, Skagen, and Kolding. The first mention of a cog is from 948 AD in Muiden near Amsterdam. [16] A structural benefit of clinker construction is that it produces a vessel that can safely twist and flex around its long axis (running from bow to stern), which is an advantage in North Atlantic rollers, provided the vessel has a small overall displacement. [17][19] The flat bottom permitted cogs to be readily beached and unloaded at low tide when quays were not available; a useful trait when purpose built jetties were not common. This vessel was fitted with a single mast and a square-rigged single sail. According to some interpretations, both vessels coexisted for many centuries but followed diverse lines of evolution. A cog ship refers to one of those ships that were invented in the middle ages. Oct 20, 2015 - Explore adam riefe's board "Cog Ships" on Pinterest. Cogs were clinker-built, generally of oak. But because of bad geographical conditions and currents the passage was constantly blocked, this was causing massive trouble and delay for the traders. There is no evidence that hulks descended from cogs, but it is clear that a lot of technological ideas were adapted between the two types. [21] This resulted in major modifications to old ship structures, which can be observed by analyzing the evolution of the earliest cog finds of Kollerup, Skagen, and Kolding. "Cogge en Coggeschip: Late Trends in Cog Development". Carrying this huge weight was key for the dominance of sea trade. Whilst known as a trading vessel they were occasionally active in war – the Battle of Sluys during the Hundred Years War was fought on cogs – although that was more of a case of a land battle fought on ships than the normally perceived naval engagement. Cogs are great merchant ships as they are a large size, not difficult to build and as a result inexpensive to buy. It dates from the 1380s and was found in 1962; until then, cogs had only been known from medieval documents and seals. It was this construction of cogs that made them more stable than any other ship type even in the rough seas. https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&oldid=1266911. They ranged from about 15 meters to 25 meters in length (49 ft to 82 ft) with a beam of 5 to 8 meters (16 ft to 26 ft), and the largest cog ships could carry up to about 200 tons. A buss of 240 tons with lateen sails was required by maritime statutes of Venice to be manned by a crew of 50 sailors. This allows the end of the strake to be fastened to the apron with the outside of the planking mutually flush at that point and flush with the stem. "To be or not to be a cog: the Bremen Cog in Perspective". Although the name cog is recorded as early as the 9th century, the seagoing vessel of that name seems to have evolved on the Frisian coast during the 12th century. If the heavier weights are loaded on the top part of the ship, then COG of the ship will be towards the top of the vessel. However, the earliest cogs didnât use the stern rudders but has steering oars which were also known as side rudders.
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Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The third dimension is the location of COG from the keel of the ship. A sturdy one-masted merchant ship with a flat bottom. Cogs were rarely as large as 300 tons although a few were considerably larger, over 1,000 tons. The replacement, the hulk, already existed but awaited reconditioning. Before the next plank is fitted, the face of the land on the lower strake is bevelled to suit the angle at which the next strake will lie in relation with it. [24] In 2012, a cog dating from the early 15th century was discovered preserved from the keel up to the decks in the silt of the River IJssel in the city of Kampen, Netherlands. Crumling-Pedersen, O. SHIP counselors can speak to individuals and groups about Medicare benefits, coverage rules, written notices, forms, appeal rights, procedures, and more. Relatively proportioned cog in the Seal of Stralsund, A cog (or cog-built vessels) is a type of ship that first appeared in the 10th century, and was widely used from around the 12th century on. The lower plank h… For centuries, Limfjord in northern Jutland offered fairly protected passage between the North Sea and the Baltic.
Thus began an effort that has…. Cogs progressively replaced Viking-type ships in northern waters during the 13th century. These early cogs were influenced by the Norse knarr, which was the main trade vessel in northern Europe at the time, which used a steering oar. [11][9] The masts of larger vessels would be of composite construction. In this article we will study about another interesting type of ship namely a cog ship. Two unique appearances, but same ship stats This is an easy to obtain ship via crafting or quest that is a good starter ship for beginners. Their high sides made them more difficult to board in a sea fight, which may have made them safer from pirates. They had a full clincker planking covering the ides and double-clenched iron nails for the planks. The keel, or keelplank, was only slightly thicker than the adjacent garboards and had no rabbet. The new and improved cog was no longer a simple Frisian coaster but a sturdy seagoing trader, which could cross even the most dangerous passages. [20] The stern castle also afforded more cargo space below by keeping the crew and tiller up, out of the way. In 1990 the well-preserved remains of a Hanseatic cog were discovered in the estuary sediment of the Pärnu River in Estonia which has been dated to 1300. The cog was the general trading vessel of the Middle Ages in north-west Europe.The first mention of a cog (kogge) occurs in a Dutch inventory in 948.Until overtaken in popularity in the 15th century by the hulk most of the deep-water carriage of freight off the Atlantic and Baltic coasts from Scandinavia to Spain and across to the British Isles was done in cogs. They were the vessel of choice of the Hanseatic League traders until, gradually, during the fourteenth and into the fifteenth century they were replaced by the hulk.
The lower plank hoods terminated in rabbets in the hooks and posts, but upper hoods were nailed to the exterior faces of the posts. [26][27], Cross-section of hull; note the lower mast stepped and braced, Other materials were also used, for example, In contrast, Mediterranean-type ships built contemporaneously in the French royal, Last edited on 4 September 2020, at 06:35, "Excavation, recovery and conservation of a 15th century Cog from the river IJssel near Kampen", "Medieval Shipwreck Hauled from the Deep", International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, The sailing properties of the Hanse cog in comparison with other cargo sailships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&oldid=976655831, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 September 2020, at 06:35. [10] The single, thick, mast was set forward of amidships, stepped into the keelplank and equipped with a single large, rectangular, square-rigged sail. Here is how a classic cog looked like: As mentioned they appeared and was first mentioned in the 10th century, to be precise in 948 near Amsterdam. A medium difficulty ship, the cog requires fewer sails but more wooden materials than the corbita and is harder to create. This place was in the north part of Jutland and was used for trade in the North sea and Baltic. See more ideas about Cogs, Sailing ships, Medieval. The keel was thicker then the strake, cogs could also used to have open hulls and they could have been rowed in short distances if needed. Cog was the first type of boat that used the new idea of a rudder mounted on the stern for steering purpose. This is known as the Vertical center of gravity (VCG) or simply KG.
[23], The most famous cog in existence today is the Bremen cog. All Rights Reserved. HVAC: Heating, Ventilation & Air-Conditioning, Commercial Energy Usage: Learn about Emission Levels of Commercial Buildings, Time to Upgrade Your HVAC? The size of this sail was dependent on the size of the hull. [17][18] This made them unhandy, limiting their ability to tack in harbour and making them very reliant on wind direction at the start of voyages. Cogs are ships with flat bottom, which had a ridge or keel that runs along the bottom of the ship.
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