[42] The Coast Guard stated on April 22 that they received word of the sinking at approximately 10:21 am.
[189][190] PAHs are often linked to oil spills and include carcinogens and chemicals that pose various health risks to humans and marine life. According to BP and the USCG, it is "not oil and it's not harmful. [90][91] On September 16, 2010, the relief well reached its destination and pumping of cement to seal the well began. [157][158] After one week of testing, BP began to proceed[159] and by 28 June, had removed 890,000 barrels (141,000 m3). [67] In 2013, some scientists at the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference said that as much as one-third of the oil may have mixed with deep ocean sediments, where it risks damage to ecosystems and commercial fisheries. [359] To date BP's cost for the clean-up, environmental and economic damages and penalties has reached $54 billion.[360]. [78], In September 2014, Halliburton agreed to settle a large percentage of legal claims against it over the Deepwater spill by paying $1.1 billion into a trust by way of three installments over two years. [197] Chemicals from the spill were found in migratory birds as far away as Minnesota. [312], The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling released a final report on 5 January 2011. However, the lowest 180 feet of 7-inch casing with 4 equally spaced centralizers were squeezed into an 8.5-inch hole with only 56 feet of rathole clearance (space between the lower end of the casing string and the bottom of the drilled hole). After burning for more than a day, Deepwater Horizon sank on April 22.
Once the cementing was complete, it was due to be tested for integrity and a cement plug set to temporarily abandon the well.[13]. Corexit EC9500A and Corexit EC9527A were the principal variants. [31] Most were soon released. [333] BP originally expected to spend $7.8 billion. Dr. James Diaz, writing for the American Journal of Disaster Medicine, said these ailments appearing in the Gulf reflected those reported after previous oil spills, like the Exxon Valdez.
NWF senior scientist Doug Inkley notes that the marine death rates are unprecedented and occurring high in the food chain, strongly suggesting there is "something amiss with the Gulf ecosystem".
"[338], On 31 August 2012, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) filed papers in federal court in New Orleans blaming BP for the Gulf oil spill, describing the spill as an example of "gross negligence and willful misconduct." history. Clarke, Sanchez, Bonfiles, Escobedo (15 June 2010). [81] Prior to establishing the GCCF, emergency compensation was paid by BP from an initial facility. Many low-wage workers in the fishing and service industries, for example, have been seeking compensation for lost wages and jobs for three years. durkin (@jiveDurkey) April 20, 2020, 2016: Deepwater Horizon 2017: American Assasin 2018: The Maze Runner: The Death Cure 2018: Bumblebee 2019: Weird City 2020: Amazing Stories Próximamente: The Education of Fredrick Fitzell y Love and Monsters. During this transition period additional $404 million in claims were paid. The oil firm alleged failed safety systems and irresponsible behaviour of contractors had led to the explosion, including claims that Halliburton failed to properly use modelling software to analyze safe drilling conditions. 11 men lost their lives when the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded on April 20. These studies also showed that the bodies of former spill cleanup workers carry biomarkers of "many chemicals contained in the oil". BP originally estimated a flow rate of 1,000 to 5,000 barrels per day (160 to 790 m3/d). BP also said the crew should have redirected the flow of flammable gases. "[88] On August 4, 2010, BP began pumping cement from the top, sealing that part of the flow channel permanently. [251], A cohort study of almost 2,200 Louisiana women found "high physical/environmental exposure was significantly associated with all 13 of the physical health symptoms surveyed, with the strongest associations for burning in nose, throat or lungs; sore throat; dizziness and wheezing. "[66], On November 8, 2010, the inquiry by the Oil Spill Commission revealed its findings that BP had not sacrificed safety in attempts to make money, but that some decisions had increased risks on the rig.
"[19] Another peer-reviewed study, released in March 2014 and conducted by 17 scientists from the United States and Australia and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening.
[49][55] Officials concluded that the missing workers may have been near the blast and unable to escape the sudden explosion. [84], Transocean's Development Driller III started drilling a first relief well on May 2, 2010. [24][60] Oil sector analysts at London-based investment bank Canaccord Genuity noted that a settlement along the lines disclosed would only be a partial resolution of the many claims against BP. [365] Lastly, Anthony Badalamenti, a Halliburton manager, was charged with instructing two employees to delete data related to Halliburton's cementing job on the oil well. The number of barrels was in dispute at the conclusion of the trial with BP arguing 2.5 million barrels were spilled over the 87 days the spill lasted, while the court found that 4.2 million barrels were spilled. In one example, the U.S. Coast Guard stopped Jean-Michel Cousteau's boat and allowed it to proceed only after the Coast Guard was assured that no journalists were on board. [192] Methane can potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is depleted. [73], In May 2011, MOEX Offshore, which owned a 10% stake in the well through a subsidiary and which in turn itself was majority-owned by Mitsui & Co., agreed to pay US$1.08 billion to settle BP claims against it over the accident. [285][286] CEOs from the top five oil companies all agreed to work harder at improving safety. John Okoro, is a Seasoned Journalist, scriptwriter, Movie producer/Director and Showbiz consultant.
[19][20], The US Coast Guard had issued pollution citations for Deepwater Horizon 18 times between 2000 and 2010, and had investigated 16 fires and other incidents. [227] A 2015 study of the relative toxicity of oil and dispersants to coral also found that the dispersants were more toxic than the oil. [234][235], Mike Robicheux, a Louisiana physician, described the situation as "the biggest public health crisis from a chemical poisoning in the history of this country. In April 2012, the Justice Department filed the first criminal charge against Kurt Mix, a BP engineer, for obstructing justice by deleting messages showing that BP knew the flow rate was three times higher than initial claims by the company, and knew that "Top Kill" was unlikely to succeed, but claimed otherwise. ", "BP Buys 'Oil' Search Terms to Redirect Users to Official Company Website", "BP buys 'oil spill' sponsored links for search engines", "Bob Dudley: Profile of the new BP chief executive", "Why we disrupted Tony Hayward's award at the University of Birmingham", "University defends degree for Deepwater Horizon boss Tony Hayward", "Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: International Offers of Assistance", "U.S. not accepting foreign help on oil spill", "Jones Act: Maritime politics strain Gulf oil spill cleanup", "Salazar Launches Safety and Environmental Protection Reforms to Toughen Oversight of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations", "Weekly Address: President Obama Establishes Bipartisan National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling", "Attorney General Eric Holder on Gulf Oil Spill", "Anadarko and Mitsui executives set to testify", "Deepwater Horizon blowout preventer 'faulty' – Congress", Transocean, Halliburton blast BP report on cause of blowout, oil spill, "Gulf oil spill: President's panel says firms complacent", "Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling", "BP and firms made risky decisions before spill: report", "Blunders Abounded Before Gulf Spill, Panel Says", "BP, Transocean, Halliburton blamed by presidential Gulf oil spill commission", "Panel: Without changes in oil industry and government, BP-like spill could happen again", "DNV report on Deepwater Horizon BOP concluded", "Gulf oil spill report: BP ultimately responsible in Gulf spill", "Comment. [76] Anadarko yielded its 25% stake in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (Macondo) to BP in the agreement and BP will indemnify Anadarko for damage claims arising under the U.S. Oil Pollution Act, among other costs. [44], According to officials, 126 people were on board, of whom 79 were Transocean employees, seven were from BP, and 40 were contracted; several of the BP and Transocean executives were on board for a tour of the rig, maintenance planning, annual goals review, a "Drops" safety campaign, and to congratulate the senior staff of the rig for 7 years of operations without a lost time incident. Diaz warned that "chronic adverse health effects, including cancers, liver and kidney disease, mental health disorders, birth defects and developmental disorders should be anticipated among sensitive populations and those most heavily exposed". He said Transocean's and Halliburton's actions were "negligent." Compressed sediment and granular infill in the 0.75-inch wide annulus (Halliburton's best practices document recommends 1.5 to 2-inch annular gap tolerance) most probably explains the need for a much-higher-than-normal pressure of 3142 psi to liquefy it (on the ninth attempt) and allow mud to circulate. [16][69] Although only "minute" quantities of oil continued to wash up in 2013, patches of tar balls were still being reported almost every day from Alabama and Florida Panhandle beaches. [355] According to the plaintiffs' lawyers the major cause of an explosion was the mishandling of a rig safety test, while inadequate training of the staff, poor maintenance of the equipment and substandard cement were also mentioned as things leading to the disaster. Under the Clean Water Act fines can be based on a cost per barrel of up to $4,300, at the discretion of the judge.
[316] Still another was for not plugging the pipe with cement. While this technique had worked in shallower water, it failed here when gas combined with cold water to form methane hydrate crystals that blocked the opening at the top of the dome.
[179] In another example, a CBS News crew was denied access to the oil-covered beaches of the spill area.
[115], Containment booms stretching over 4,200,000 feet (1,300 km) were deployed, either to corral the oil or as barriers to protect marshes, mangroves, shrimp/crab/oyster ranches or other ecologically sensitive areas. BP has been a finalist for a national safety award from the MMS for the past two years. [13] Subsea injection had never previously been tried but due to the spill's unprecedented nature BP together with USCG and EPA decided to use it.
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