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Selective transporters for NO 3 − over Cl − have been reported,34, 35, 36 and this property has been correlated to binding selectivity.37, 38 Furthermore, a recent study has shown that selectivity of a compound to transport Cl − over OH − can be achieved upon using H-bond donors with minimal acidity and encapsulation of the binding site.
In this Tutorial, we will focus on the underlying mechanism for selectivity of ions through nanopores and propose the design principles for overcoming the ubiquitous selectivity–permeability trade-off of selective polymer membranes. P. Apel, Nucl. Mater.
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Then, we review the recent development of the main fabrication methods of selective polymer membranes from either the top–down approach or the bottom–up approach, especially the novel techniques generating uniformly sized nanopores with nanometric or even subnanometric size. S. P. Surwade, S. N. Smirnov, I. V. Vlassiouk, R. R. Unocic, G. M. Veith, S. Dai, and S. M. Mahurin, Nat. Park, Science. 32. Res. P. Joseph, C. Cottin-Bizonne, J. M. Benoît, C. Ybert, C. Journet, P. Tabeling, and L. Bocquet, Phys. 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109593. J. 105. L. Wang, M. S. H. Boutilier, P. R. Kidambi, D. Jang, N. G. Hadjiconstantinou, and R. Karnik, Nat. Soc. For example, by synthesizing metal-organic framework-based subnanochannels (MOFSNC) inside the conic polymer nanochannels made by the track-etching method, this membrane takes the advantages of the rectification of the conic nanochannel and the selectivity of the MOFSNC. Phys. Mater. Sustain. R. Tan, A. Wang, R. Malpass-Evans, E. W. Zhao, T. Liu, C. Ye, X. Zhou, B. P. Darwich, Z. Lo, Y.-H. Li, M. De Guzman, C.-C. Hu, K.-R. Lee, Y.-C. Jean, and J.-Y. Rev. Chem.
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