Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65). Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing. Building the leaders of tomorrow: The development of academic psychological capital. International journal of mental health nursing. Do you have other coping strategies that have helped you reduce stress related to COVID-19? The following research questions guided our work: Participants 2020 Sep 17;22(9):e22817. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. Your classmates and family members are anxious, too. Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. college students: 10-year population-level trends (20072017). Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. National Survey of College Counseling Centers 2014. International Association of Counseling Services, Inc. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/28178. Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). Internalizing and Externalizing Disorder Levels among Adolescents: Data from Poland. J Ment Health. Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 10981118. The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings 19 November 2020 Abstract A holistic approach to education that addresses students learning, social and emotional needs is crucial, especially in times of crisis. During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. COVID-19 hastened a trend that was already ongoing before the pandemic outbreak: the progressively increasing use of distance and online teaching and learning, alongside with lectures and classes. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679704. All of these changes may have influenced students health Miyazaki, Y., Bodenhorn, N., Zalaquett, C., & Ng, K.-M. (2008). Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). Another thing you cant control? To avoid being overwhelmed, set limits on your media consumption and smartphone use. PERMA-Profiler Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2988. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042988. Psychol. Over the past decade, PsyCap has been applied to university student development and mental health. Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Youth can The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. Fourteen conceptually differentiable coping strategies are measured by the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997): active coping, planning, using emotional support, using instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, acceptance, denial, self-blame, humor, religion, self-distraction, substance use, and behavioral disengagement. Whether youre a graduate student or an undergrad, youre probably feeling anxious, sad and uncertain. Interventions that are described as well-being approaches rather than those that highlight pathologies are less stigmatizing (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010; Umucu et al., 2020) than traditional deficit-based therapeutic approaches. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social There is robust empirical support suggesting that individuals with higher PsyCap have higher levels of performance (job and academic); satisfaction; engagement; attitudinal, behavioral, and relational outcomes; and physical and psychological health and well-being outcomes. Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. The U.S. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. The average scores of negative emotion and loneliness increased from 4.46 and 3.86 to 5.85 and 5.94, respectively. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. A further consideration is that the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) may not be associated with similar outcomes for people of other cultures and backgrounds during COVID-19. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Establish a routine. Participants reported higher levels of negative emotion and loneliness after the onset of COVID-19, and a decrease in positive emotion. Accessibility Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). Is there a significant difference in the well-being of university students prior to the onset of COVID-19 (reported retrospectively) and after the onset of COVID-19? With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. Cut through misinformation by relying on reputable sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization. Johnson (2020) indicated that 35% of students reported increased anxiety associated with a move from face-to-face to online learning in the spring 2020 semester, matching the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). Find activities that engage different parts of yourself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. Visualizations can help you calm down, detach from whats stressing you, and reduce your bodys stress response. The effect size of the change in the scores of individual PERMA elements ranged between 12.1% and 32.5%. A brief questionnaire was used to capture participant information. Students substance use (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19 pandemic, Fig 9. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Current Psychology. A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research Question 3 It was found that nursing students have negative coping methods, such as not being able to manage time well due to constraints at home and spending too much time on the phone, internet, and computer. Its enough to let them know theyre not alone. Northwestern University. Nursing education has moved classes online. Bookshelf The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). https://news.gallup.com/poll/249098/americans-stress-worry-anger-intensified-2018.aspx. Cleveland, Universities across Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. The majority of the participants were full time students (82%, n = 498) compared to part-time students (18%, n = 111). Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure Are you able to do these activities? 2022 Dec 7;19(24):16423. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416423. The site is secure. You might feel unmotivated now. They could also be adapted to provide services online. Following the biopsychosocial model of health, the goal of the current study was to predict peoples psychological well-being (PWB) during the initial lockdown phase of the pandemic and to investigate which coping strategies were most common among people with low and high Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological capital and beyond. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Students are dealing with a variety of social-emotional issues during the COVID-19 pandemic from a lack of basic resources in the home, such as food, a deficit in coping skills, or perhaps a lack of internet access. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans: 2011 OEP Hicks lecture. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n10p102. Can I Really Be Burnt Out Because Of Working From Home? Mental Health Status and Coping among Portuguese Higher Education Students in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most The experiences and emotional responses of finalyear nursing students who volunteered to carry out healthcare relief tasks during the peak of the COVID19 pandemic were explored, and the coping strategies they adopted to deal with this situation were identified. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. And there are ways to lessen your stress. By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). What is the predictive relationship of PsyCap on well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19 and after the onset of COVID-19? The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). After a thorough review of the literature, three standardized measures were identified for use in the study along with a brief survey for demographic information. Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. Flatt, A. K. (2013). https://doi.org/10.2196/20185, Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). That is, what coping Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166, Gallagher, R. P. (2014). In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds. Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students' strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. A positive approach to management education: The relationship between academic PsyCap and student engagement. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Research has demonstrated that this exacerbates existing mental health concerns among university students (Klussman et al., 2020). 2023. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). Atria Books. Adaptive coping strategiessuch as active coping, acceptance, using emotional support, and positive reframingwere found to better aid in predicting well-being. Listen to childrens concerns. Look for tasks you can postpone or simply eliminate from your to-do list. BackgroundThe COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. (2009). Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. Keywords: university students, psychological capital, well-being, coping strategies, COVID-19. Positive psychologists have asserted that studies of wellness and flourishing are important in understanding adaptive behaviors and the potential for growth from challenging circumstances (Joseph & Linley, 2008; Seligman, 2011). Such factors as age, gender, and place of residence influenced the choice of specific strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospective recall may be inaccurate (Gilbert, 2007) with participants under- or overestimating their well-being. Random House. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Specifically, adaptive coping strategies played a significant role in enhancing the positive effects of PsyCap on well-being. Gilbert, D. (2007). For university students, the pandemic brought about disruptions to life as they knew it. This instrument is used widely in studies with university students (e.g., Madhyastha et al., 2014; Miyazaki et al., 2008). Ask your supervisor for help. All rights reserved. Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 279287. McGonigal, J. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. doi: 10.2196/22817. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Best Colleges (April 20, 2020). Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Gallup. How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. Predicting the mental health of college students with psychological capital. 8600 Rockville Pike A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Hearing about the pandemic can be upsetting. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). Or maybe youve stayed put and worry about your family. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. OH Some students coped with the shared trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing their energy inward and using this time for self-care, or https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x. Brief COPE Questionnaire Simon & Schuster. Below are strategies and resources that may help you cope with stress. A structural equation model of achievement emotions, coping strategies and engagement-burnout in undergraduate students: A possible underlying mechanism in facets of perfectionism. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063414526124, Masten, A. S. (2001). Interestingly, after the onset of the pandemic, the predictor role of certain PsyCap dimensions shifted. However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). International Business Research, 8(10), 102111. WebDr. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach.
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